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Coenzyme Q10 
Coenzyme Q10 belongs to a family of substances called ubiquinones, a wax-like substance, which is part of the respiratory chain. Since it is a coenzyme, it is necessary to support the action of an enzyme, and it has a similar structure to vitamin K. Co-Q10 is found in each of the 50-75 trillion cells throughout the body, except for the mature red blood cells. It has a multitude of therapeutic benefits at the cellular level, in the cardiovascular system and with the body’s metabolism. It serves to revitalize and energize the body’s cells and immune system. It contributes to increases in stamina and endurance by fueling the body’s energy production (ATP) cycle. It is beneficial to the cardiovascular system because it helps to protect and strengthen the heart, normalizes blood pressure without side effects. Coenzyme Q10 is a two-part compound that is composed of a long, fat-soluble isoprenoid tail that anchors the molecule in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, and quinine that is capable of accepting and transferring electrons through a portion of the respiratory chain. The Q stands for quinine and the 10 stands for the number of isoprenoid units in the tail portion of the molecule. It is synthesized in the cells, and is involved in electron transport and energy production in mitochondria. In the cellular system, it functions to generate energy from oxygen, in the form of ATP, for bodily processes. According to many published monograph and articles, since ATP is known to generate many harmful oxygen radicals, Co-Q10 serves as a free radical scavenger and an antioxidant. The antioxidant activity in the mitochondria and cell membranes protects against peroxidation of lipid membranes. 

Vitamin E (d-alpha-Tocopherol) 
The most valuable sources of dietary vitamin E include vegetable oils, margarine, nuts, seeds, avocados and wheat germ. Safflower oil contains large amounts of vitamin E (about two thirds of the RDA in ¼ cup) and there are trace amounts in corn oil and soybean oil. Vitamin E is actually a family of related compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols. Vitamin E is available in a natural or synthetic form. In most cases, the natural and synthetic forms are identical except the natural form of vitamin E is better absorbed and retained in the body. The natural form of alpha-tocopherol is known as "d-alpha tocopherol." The synthetic "dl-" form is the most common form found in dietary supplements. For those individuals watching their dietary fat consumption, which is relatively common in the world of dieting, vitamin E intake is likely to be low, due to a reduced intake of foods with high fat content. The main health benefit of supplemental vitamin E comes from its immune-boosting antioxidant activity. It also promotes the normal healing of wounds and is known to promote cardiovascular health. Vitamin E is one of the most powerful fat-soluble antioxidants in the body. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from free radical damage.

1. What type of vitamin E is in Advanced Coenzyme Q10? 
   The natural form of vitamin E, d-Alpha-Tocopherol, is in Advance Coenzyme Q10. It is far superior to synthetic in terms of retention in the body and absorption. 
   
   
2. If my body makes CoQ10, why should I take a supplement? 
   When you are young, your body can produce adequate levels of CoQ10. However, as you get older, your cells do not produce enough of the energy they need to function well. Supplementation of CoQ10 has been shown to raise blood levels of this co-enzyme when the body’s ability to synthesize it begins to decrease. 
   
   
3. What is the recommended serving size of Coenzyme Q10? 
   Coenzyme Q10 has been used in maintenance servings of 30-60 mg, but can go up to 100 mg or more. 
   
   
4. Is there a certain time I should take CoQ10? 
   Coenzyme Q10 should be taken with a meal containing some fat. However, taking it in combination with soy or vegetable oil substantially enhances it absorption. 
   
   
5. Is it okay to take a CoQ10 supplement while pregnant or nursing? 
   No. The safety of coenzyme Q10 has not been established in pregnancy and lactation. 
   
   
6. Is it safe to take CoQ10? 
   Yes, it is safe to take CoQ10; it does not produce any toxic side effects when ingested by humans or animals. It is listed in the 42nd edition of the Physicians Desk Reference as replacement therapy for a nutrient, and no adverse reactions are listed.

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